Adiponectin, also referred to as Acrp30, AdipoQ and GBP-28, is an 244 aminoacid protein, which is physiologically active, specifically and highly expressed in adipose cells (adipokine). Adiponectin forms homotrimers, which are the building blocks for higher order complexes found circulating in serum. Paradoxically, adipose tissue-expressed adiponectin levels are inversely related to the degree of adiposity. A reduction in adiponectin serum levels is accompanied by insulin resistance states, such as obesity and type II diabetes mellitus. Adiponectin has been shown to increase insulin sensitivity and decrease plasma glucose by increasing tissue fat oxidation. It inhibits the inflammatory processes of atherosclerosis suppressing the expression of adhesion and cytokine molecules in vascular endothelial cells and macrophages, respectively.